Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences (ISSN 2358-2731)



Home Archive v. 6, no. 13 (2019) Odiyi

 

Vol. 6, No. 13, p. 401-411 - Aug. 31, 2019

 

Phytoremediation potential of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae) on soil amended with brewery effluent



Bridget Odiyi , Foluso Akinbode Ologundudu and Tobi Adegbite

Abstract
Toxicity of heavy metals above the normal threshold constituted a threat to humanity and biodiversity. Phytoremediation has become a novel and emerging technology of cleaning polluted sites through the use of plants. A study was carried out at the screen house located besides the academic building of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae) on a brewery effluent. The parameters investigated include chlorophyll content, the concentration of the metals in the plants, Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF) was studied. Three different concentrations of brewery effluent were used at 50, 100 and 150 mL/5 kg of soil, respectively. The results of this study under controlled conditions indicate that effluent application increased chlorophyll content, reduced plant height and stem girth. Three heavy metals (iron, cadmium, and chromium) were detected in the shoots and leave of both plants after the experimental period. The translocation factor (less than 1) and bioaccumulation factors (greater than 1) were below the permissible limits hence indicating a possible bio-accumulator for the heavy metals investigated. Brewery effluent reduce the plant height but increase the leaf area of A. hybridus under high concentrations which possibly suggest an adaptive mechanism developed by the plant under stress.


Keywords
Effluent; Bio-concentration factor; Permissible limit; Toxicity; Translocation.

DOI
10.21472/bjbs.061308

Full text
PDF

References
Abioye, P. O.; Abdul Aziz, A.; Agamuth, P. An Enhanced biodegradation of used engine oil in soil amended with organic waste. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 209, no. 1, p. 173-17, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0189-3

Ademoroti, C. M. O. Standard methods for water and effluents analysis. Ibadan: Foludex Press, 1996. v. 3.

Adu-Gyamfi, R.; Dzomeku, I. K.; Lardi, J. Evaluation of growth and yield potential of genotypes of Kersting's groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum Harms) in Northern Ghana. International Research of Agricultural Science and Soil Science, v. 2, no. 2, p. 509-515, 2012.

Alexander, G. V. Assessment of metal pollution in soil. In: Thornton, I. Applied environmental geochemistry. London: Academic Press, 2006. p. 355-394.

Arnon, D. I. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts, polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, v. 24, no. 1, p. 1-15, 1949. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1

Awofolu, O. R. A survey of trace metals in vegetation, soil and lower animal along some selected major roads in Lagos Metropolis. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 105, no. 1/3, p. 431-447, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-4440-0

Bach, M. K.; Magee, W. E.; Burris, R. H. Translocation of photosynthetic products to soybean modules and their role in nitrogen fixation. Plant Physiology, v. 33, no. 2, p. 118-124, 1958. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.33.2.118

Basta, N. T.; Ryan, J. A.; Chaney, R. L. Trace element chemistry in residual-treated soil: Key concepts and metal bioavailability. Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 34, no. 1, p. 49-63, 2005. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0049dup

Bray, R. H.; Kurtz, L. T. Determination of total organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science, v. 59, p. 39-45, 1945. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-194501000-00006

D'Amore, J. J.; Al-Abed, S. R.; Scheckel, K. G.; Ryan, J. A. Methods for speciation of metals in soils: A review. Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1707-1745, 2011. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0014

Day, F. W.; Wong, A. S. Transfer of nitrogen from three pasture legumes under periodic defoliation in a field environment. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, v. 16, no. 83, p. 863-870, 1976.

Fosu, M.; Kuhne, R. F.; Vlek, P. L. G. Improving maize yield in the Guinea Savannah zone of Ghana with leguminous cover crops and PK fertilization. Journal of Agronomy, v. 3, no. 2, p. 115-121, 2004.

Ghanbari-Bonjar, A.; Lee, H. C. Intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum) and bean (Vicia faba) as whole-crop forage: Effect of harvest time on forage yield and quality. Grass and Forage Science, v. 1, p. 28-36, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2003.00348.x

Hiroaki, R, M. Phytoextraction of metals from contaminated soil: A review of plant/soil/metal interaction and assessment of pertinent agronomic issues. Journal of Hazardous Substances Research, v. 2, p. 11-25, 2013.

Hu, W.; Ling, Q.; Shen, Y.; Gao, X. Use of bentonite to control the release of copper from contaminated soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research, v. 45, p. 618-623, 2013.

Ismail, G.; Zhao, Q.; Kaluarachchi J. J. Risk assessment at hazardous waste contaminated sites with variability of population characteristics. Environment International, v. 28, p. 41-53, 2013.

Kapaj, B. M. E. Beneficial use of effluents, wastes, and biosolids. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, v. 31, p. 1701-1715, 2006.

Keller, C.; McGrath, S. P.; Dunham, S. J. Trace metal leaching through a soil-grassland system after sewage sludge application. Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 31, no. 5, p. 1550-1560, 2002.

Khan, S.; Cao, Q.; Zheng, Y. M.; Huang, Y. Z.; Zhu, Y. G. Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. Environmental Pollution, v. 152, no. 3, p. 686-692, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.056

Kuo, S.; Heilman, P. E.; Baker, A. S. Distribution and forms of copper, zinc, cadmium, iron, and manganese in soils near a copper smelter. Soil Science, v. 135, no. 2, p. 101-109, 1983.

Lombi, E.; Gerzabek, M. H. Determination of mobile heavy metal fraction in soil: Results of a pot experiment with sewage sludge. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, v. 29, no. 16/17, p. 2545-2556, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629809370133

Maclean, R. Methods in cell biology. Advances in Agronomy, v. 45, p. 1-49, 1965.

McLaughlin, M. J.; Hamon, R. E.; McLaren, R. G.; Speir, T. W.; Rogers, S. L. A bioavailability-based rationale for controlling metal and metalloid contamination of agricultural land in Australia and New Zealand. Soil Research, v. 38, p. 1037-1086, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR99128

McLaughlin, M. J.; Zarcinas, B. A.; Stevens, D. P.; Cook, N. Soil testing for heavy metals. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, v. 31, no. 11/14, p. 1661-1700, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620009370531

Orhue, O. R. Growth of maize and changes in some chemical properties of an ultisol amended with brewery effluents. African Journal of Biotechnology, v. 4, p. 118-125, 2005.

Sposito, G.; Page, A. L. Cycling of metal ions in the soil environment. In: Sigel, H. (Ed.). Metal ions in biological systems: Circulation of metals in the environment. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1984; p. 287-332.

Yilmaz, Ş.; Atak, A.; Erayman, M. Identification of advantages of maize-legume intercropping over solitary cropping through competition indices in the East Mediterranean Region. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, v, 32, no. 2, p. 111-119, 2012.



ISSN 2358-2731