Antifungal activity of selected plant extracts against Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link (1809) (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales), causal organism of fungal rot of Solanum melongena L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) in Kashmir, India

Jahangir Abdullah Koka , Abdul Hamid Wani , Mohd Yaqub Bhat , Shazia Parveen , Mohammad Afaan Fazili and Nusrat Ahmad

Abstract
Egg plant Solanum melongena L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) is an important vegetable grown in Kashmir. It is attacked by number of fungal pathogens in storage and in the field. These fungi caused several fungal rot diseases resulting heavy losses to the growers. Therefore, present study was carried out to study the incidence and management of fungal rot of egg plant using some selected plant extracts. It was revealed from the study that Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link (1809) (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales) causing decaying of egg plant under storage. Study was also undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of some plant extract against Trichothecium roseum on inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth under in vitro conditions. It was observed from the results that amongst the plant extracts, plant extract of Ajuga bracteosa at highest concentration was found most effective against Trichothecium roseum and cause highest inhibition in the mycelial growth and spore germination followed by plant extract of Taraxicum officinale, Mentha arvensis and Iris kashmiriana at the same concentrations. Other concentrations of plant extracts also bought about significant reduction in mycelial growth and spore germination of the test fungus but to a lesser extent as compared to control.

Keywords
Pink rot; Botanical fungicides; Inhibition; Mycelia growth; Spore germination; Brinjal.

DOI
10.21472/bjbs.061211

Full text
PDF

References
Abano, E. E.; San-Amoah L. K. Application of antagonistic microorganisms for the control of postharvest decays in fruits and vegetables. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research, v. 2, p. 1-8, 2012.

Adams, P. B.; Wong, J. A. L. The effect of chemical pesticides on the infection of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor by the biocontrol agent Sporidesmium sclerotivorum. Phytopathology, v. 81, p. 1340-1343, 1991.

Bajaj, K. L.; Kaur, G.; Chadha, M. L. Glycoalkaloid content and other chemical constituents of the fruits of some egg plant (Solanum melongena L.) varieties. Journal of Plant Foods, v. 3, no. 3, p. 163-168, 1979. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142968X.1979.11904224

Bajaj, K. L.; Kaur, G.; Chadha, M. L.; Sigh, B. P. Polyphenol oxidase and other chemical constituents in fruits of eggplant (S. melongena L) varieties. Vegetable Sciences, v. 8, p. 37-44, 1981.

Balkan, B.; Balkan, S.; Aydogdu, H.; Guler, N.; Ersoy, H.; Askm, B. Evaluation of antioxidant activities and antifungal activity of different plants species against pink mold rot-causing Trichothecium roseum. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, v. 42, no. 6, p. 2279-2289, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2484-4

Barnett, H. L.; Hunter, B. B. Illustrated genera of Imperfect Fungi. Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing Company, 1972.

Bashar, M. A.; Shamsi, S.; Hossain M. Fungi associated with rotten fruits in Dhaka Metropolis. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, v. 41, p. 115-117, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11090

Dal Bello, G. First report of Trichothecium roseum causing postharvest fruit rot of tomato in Argentina. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, v. 3, p. 103-104, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03211257

Datar, V. V. Bio efficacy of plant extracts against Macrophomona phaseolina (Tassi) Gold, the incitant of charcoal rot of Sorghum. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, v. 29, p. 251-253, 1999.

Droby, S.; Wisniewski, M.; Macarisinb, D., Wilson, C. Twenty years of postharvest biocontrol research: Is it time for a new paradigm? Postharvest Biology and Technology, v. 52, no. 2, p. 137-145, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.11.009

El-Ghaouth, A.; Wilson, C. L.; Wisniewski, M. E. Biologically based alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the postharvest diseases of fruit and vegetables. In: Samh, N. (Ed.). Diseases of fruit and vegetables. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. v. 2. p. 511-535.

Ellis M. B. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. England: Commonwealth Mycological Institute, 1971.

Engstrom, G. W.; Delance, J. V.; Richard, J. L.; Baetz, A. L. Purification and characterization of roseotoxin B, a toxic cyclodepsipeptide from Trichothecium roseum. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, v. 23, p. 244-253, 1975. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60198a050

Farr, D. F.; Rossman, A. Y.; Palm, M. E.; McCray, E. B. Fungal databases, systematic botany and mycology laboratory, ARS, USDA, 2007. Available from: <http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/>. Accessed on Jul. 10, 2008.

Ghosal, S.; Chakrabarti, D. K.; Srivastava, A. K.; Srivastava, R. S. Toxic 12, 13-epoxytrichothecenes from anise fruits infected with Trichothecium roseum. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, v. 30, p. 106-109, 1982. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00109a024

Gilman, J. C. A manual of soil fungi. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 2008.

Gautam, K.; Rao, P. B.; Chauhan, S. V. Efficacy of some botanicals of the Family Compositae against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, v. 33, p. 230-235, 2003.

Gupta, U. P.; Govindaiah, P.; Dutta, R. K. Plant extracts on non-chemical approach to control Fusarium disease of mulberry. Current Science, v. 77, p. 406-409, 1996.

Jantasorn, A.; Moungsrimuangdee, B.; Dethoup, T. In vitro antifungal activity evaluation of five plant extracts against five plant pathogenic fungi causing rice and economic crop diseases. Journal of Biopesticides, v. 9, no. 1, p. 1-7, 2016.

Jobling, J. Essential oils: A new idea for postharvest disease control. Sydney: Sydney Postharvest Laboratory Information Sheet, 2000. Available from: <http://www.postharvest.com.au/gfv_oils.pdf>. Accessed on: Jul. 10, 2008.

Kaul, M. K. Medicinal plants of Kashmir and Ladakh, temperate and cold arid Himalaya. New Delhi, India: Indus Publishing Co., 1997.

Khandare, K. R.; Vasait, R. D. Use of biopotentials of plant extracts of medicinal importance against pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum. Bioscience Discovery, v. 8, no. 1, p. 87-92, 2017.

Kiraly, Z.; Klement, Z.; Solymosy, F.; Voros, J. Methods in plant pathology with special reference to breeding for resistance to breeding for resistance. New York: Elsevier Publishing Co., 1974.

Koka, J. A.; Wani, A. H.; Bhat, M. Y.; Parveen, S. Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. against some fungi causing fungal rot disease of brinjal. Trends in Biosciences, v. 10, no. 16, p. 2844-2846, 2017.

Korsten, L. Advances in control of postharvest diseases in tropical fresh produce. International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation, v. 1, p. 48-61, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPTI.2006.009181

Mitcham, E. J.; Mitchell, F. G. Post-harvest handling systems: pome fruits. In Kader, A. A. (Ed). Post-harvest technology of horticultural crops. 3. ed. Oakland, CA: University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2002. p. 334-344.

Oyelana, O. A.; Durugbo, E. U.; Olukani, O. D.; Ayodele, E. A.; Aikulola, Z. O.; Adewole, A. I. Antimicrobial activity of Ficus leaf extracts on some fungal and bacterial pathogens of Dioscorea rotundata from Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Biological Sciences, v. 11, no. 5, p. 359-366, 2011. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2011.359.366

Pandey A. In vitro study of efficacy of Mancozeb against Trichothecium roseum on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). International Journal of Medicinal Research, v. 1, p. 1-5, 2010.

Pawar, B. T. Antifungal activity of some fruit extracts against seed-borne pathogenic fungi. Advanced Bioresearch, v. 4, no. 3, p. 95-97, 2013.

Parveen, S.; Ganie, A. A.; Wani, A. H. In vitro efficacy of some fungicides on mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata and Mucor piriformis. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, v. 46, no. 10, p. 1230-1235, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2013.763617

Parveen, S.; Wani, A. H.; Bhat, M. Y.; Koka, J. A. Biological control of postharvest fungal rots of rosaceous fruits using microbial antagonists and plant extracts: A review. Czech Mycology, v. 68, no. 1, p. 41-66, 2016. https://doi.org/10.33585/cmy.68102

Raji, R.; Raveedran, K. Antifungal activity of selected plant extracts against phytopathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, v. 3, no. 1, p. 13-15, 2013.

Sengul, M.; Yildiz, H.; Gungor, N.; Cetin, B.; Eser, Z.; Ercisli, S. Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. Pakistan Journal of Pharmacy Science, v. 22, no. 1, p. 102-106, 2009.

Shukla, V.; Naik L. B. Agro-techniques of solanaceous vegetables. In: Chadha, K. L.; Kalloo, G. (Eds.). Advances in horticulture: Vegetable crops. Part 1. New Delhi: Malhotra Pub. House, 1993. v. 5.

Singh, D.; Sharma, R. R. Postharvest diseases of fruit and vegetables and their management. In: Prasad, P. (Ed.). Sustainable pest management. New Delhi, India: Daya Publishing House, 2007.

Snowdon, A. L. A colour atlas of post-harvest diseases and disorders of fruits and vegetables: General introduction and fruits. Cornell: Wolfe Scientific, 1990.

Thakur, K. D.; Khune, N. N.; Sabley, J. E. Inhibition of some cotton pathogens by plant extracts. PKV Research Journal, v. 19, p. 39 41, 1995.

Tomkin and Trout. Pricking by entomological pins. (C-Dass Gupta and Mandal: 1989). 1931.

Tripathi, P.; Dubey, N. Exploitation of natural products as an alternative strategy to control postharvest fungal rotting of fruit and vegetables. Postharvest Biology and Technology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 235-245, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2003.11.005

Wani, A. H. An overview of the fungal rot of tomato. Mycopathology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 33-38, 2011.

Watanabe, T. Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi: Morphologies of cultured fungi and key to species. 2. ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2002.

Welch, A. W.; Jenkins, S. F.; Averre, C. W. Trichothecium fruit rot on greenhouse tomatoes in North Carolina. Plant Disease Reporter, v. 59, p. 255-257, 1975.

Zabka, M. K.; Drastichova, A.; Jegorov, J. S.; Nedbal, L. Direct evidence of plant-pathogenic activity of fungal metabolites of Trichothecium roseum on apple. Mycopathologia, v. 162, p. 65-68, 2006.