Concurrent administration of methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) and diminazene aceturate enhanced survival rate and reduced parasitaemia in experimental murine Trypanosoma brucei Plimmer & Bradford, 1899 (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatida) infection

D. K. Anya and K. I. Eghianruwa

Abstract
The efficacy of concurrent diminazene and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) extract in murine Trypanosoma brucei Plimmer & Bradford, 1899 (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatida) infection was evaluated. Two infected groups were treated with extract at 400 mg.kg^-1 (G1) and 800 mg.kg^-1 (G2) alone while another two groups received 400 mg.kg^-1 (GD1) and 800 mg.kg^-1 (GD2) of extract concurrently with diminazene 3.5 mg.kg^-1 intraperitoneally. One infected group received diminazene 3.5 mg.kg^-1 only (D) while another received 1 mg.kg^-1 Tween 80 (C1) orally. The seventh group was uninfected and untreated (C2). Survival rate, parasitemia, liver weight, spleen weight, haematological indices were evaluated. Survival rates were 0% in C1, G1 and G2, 20% in D, 40% in GD2, 60% in GD1 and 100% in C2. Animals in groups G1, G2 and C1 died between 6 and 8 days pt. Parasitemia levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D1 than in GD1 and GD2 by day 16 post treatment. PCV and RBC counts were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in GD1, GD2 and D than in C2. Liver and spleen weights increased significantly (P < 0.05) due to infection and never fully recovered in all treatment options. Ginger (Z. officinale) extract enhanced diminazene efficacy by increasing survival rates and lowering parasitemia.

Keywords
Diminazene; Ginger; Trypanosome; Survivability; Parasitemia; Haematology; Murine.

DOI
10.21472/bjbs.050910

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