Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences (ISSN 2358-2731)



Home Archive v. 5, no. 11 (2018) Echi

 

Vol. 5, No. 11, p. 781-797 - Dec. 31, 2018

 

Physico-chemical properties and heavy metal contents of a tropical estuarine ecosystem, Nigeria



Paul Chinedu Echi , Daberechi Ndudim Okpechi , Janet Azu Urum and Izuchukwu Samson Arukwe

Abstract
Ibaka Estuarine in Mbo, Nigeria, has little or no information on its basic properties, therefore its water samples were studied from March to June 2018 in three different stations and compared with International Standards to evaluate its physic-chemical properties as well as heavy metal contents. The physic-chemical properties studied include pH, salinity (g/L), EC (μs/cm), turbidity (NTU), total suspended solids (mg/L), total dissolved solids (mg/L), dissolved oxygen (mg/L), BOD5 (mg/L), and chemical oxygen demand (mg/L). In addition, some metal concentrations of manganese, iron, copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, chloride and magnesium were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The range of metal concentrations manganese (0.08-0.12 mg/L), copper (0.05-0.09 mg/L), lead (0.01-0.03 mg/L), iron (1.86-4.66 mg/L), zinc (0.68-1.16 mg/L), cadmium (0.04-0.08 mg/L), chloride (675.0-791.25 mg/L), magnesium (10.66-14.30 mg/L). The study infers that anthropogenic pressure plays damaging role to its properties in addition to general health implication of high values for Fe, Zn, Cd, Cl and Mg which exceeded international standard.


Keywords
Ibaka Estuarine; Aquatic ecosystem; Heavy metals; Physic-chemical parameters.

DOI
10.21472/bjbs.051116

Full text
PDF

References
Abdel Gawad, S. S. Concentrations of heavy metals in water, sediment and Mollusc Gastropod, Lanistes carinatus from Lake Manzala, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, v. 44, no. 2, p. 77-82, 2018a. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2018.05.001

Abdel Gawad, S. S. Acute toxicity of some heavy metals to the fresh water snail, Theodoxus niloticus (Reeve, 1856). The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, v. 44, no. 2, p. 83-87, 2018b. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2018.06.004

Abdulaziz, B. A.; Mohammad, H. Role of epidemiological studies in determining environmental impact on health in Saudi Arabia. Proceeding of the Development and Environmental impact Conference, Riyadh Saudi Arabia, 1997.

Abowei, J. F. N. Salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and surface water temperature conditions in river, Niger Delta. Advanced Journal of Food Science and Technology, v. 2, no. 1, p. 16-21, 2010.

Akpot, O. B.; Muchie, M. Remediation of heavy metals in drinking water and waste water treatment systems: Processes and application. International Journal of Physical Sciences, v. 5, no. 12, p. 1807-1818, 2010.

APHA - America public Health Association. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 16. ed. Washington, D.C.: America public Health Association, 1995.

ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Lead toxicity: Who is at risk of lead exposure? U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2015.

Awni, T. B. Heavy metals in water springs of yarmouk Basin, North Jordan and their potentiality in health risk assessment. International Journal of Physical Science, v. 5, no. 7, p. 977-103, 2010.

Bouchard, M.; Laforest, F.; Vandelac, L.; Bellinger, D.; Mergler, D. Hair manganese and hyperactive behaviours: Pilot study of school-age children exposed through tap water. Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 115, no. 1, p. 122-127, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9504

Dara, S. S. A text book of environmental chemistry and pollution. India: S. Chand & Co. Publishing, 1993.

De Freitas, J. M.; Meneghini, R. Iron and its sensitive balances in the cell. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, v. 475, no. 1/2, p. 153-159, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(01)00066-5

Dieter, H. H.; Bayer, T. A.; Muthaulp, G. Environmental copper and manganese in the pathophysiology of neurologic disease (Alheimer's Disease and Manganism). CLEAN Soil Air Water, v. 33, no. 1, p. 72-78, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1002/aheh.200400556

Dirican, S.; Çilek, S.; Çiftçi, H.; Bıyıkoğlu, M.; Karaçınar, S.; Yokuş, A. Preliminary study on heavy metal concentrations of Anatolian Khramulya, Capoeta tinca (Heckel, 1843) from Çamlıgöze Dam Lake, Sivas, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 11:7, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-336X-11-7

Dobson, A. W.; Erikson, K. M; Aschner, M. Manganese neurotoxicity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 1012, no. 1, p. 115-128, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1306.009

Domingo, J. L. Metal-induced developmental toxicity in mammals: A review. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 42, no. 2, p. 123-141, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287399409531868

Echi, P. C.; Ezenwaji, H. M. G. The parasite fauna of characids' (Osteichthyes: Characidae) Anambra River, Nigeria. African Journal of Ecology, v. 48, p. 1-4, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01030.x

Ghorade, I. B.; Jadhavar, V. R.; Patil, S. S. Assessment of heavy metal content in Godaviri River Water. Impart: International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences, v. 2, no. 6, p. 23-26, 2014. Available from: <http://www.impactjournals.us/download/archives/2-14-1401469786-4. Applied-Assessment of heavy metal content in godavari-Ghorade I. B.pdf>. Accessed on: Mar. 17, 2018.

Goorzadi, M.; Vahabzabeh, G.; Ghanbarpour, M. R.; Karbassi, A. R. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Tilehbon River sediments, Iran. Journal of Applied Science, v. 9, no. 6, p. 1190-1193, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2009.1190.1193

Iwuoha, G. N.; Onojake, M. C. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in crustaceans from Oron River Channel, Osung Area Oron-City, Akwa-Ibom, Nigeria. Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, v. 41, n. 1, p. 33-35, 2016. Available from: <http://journals.chemsociety.org.ng/index.php/jcsn/article/view/43/130>. Accessed on: Mar. 17, 2018.

Jaishankar, M.; Tseten, T.; Anbalagan, N.; Mathew, B. B.; Beeregowda, K. N. Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, v. 7, no. 2, p. 60-72, 2014. https://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2014-0009

Jarup, L.; Hellstorm, L.; Alfven, T.; Carlsson, M. D.; Grubb, A.; Person, B.; Petersson, C.; Spang, G.; Schutz, A.; Elinder, C. G. Low level exposure-cadmium and early kidney damage: The OSCAR study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, v. 57, p. 668-672, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.57.10.668

Kara, Y.; Kara, I.; Basaran, D. Investigation of some physical and chemical parameters of water in the Lake Isyki in Denisti, Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 275-277, 2004.

Lane, T. W.; Morel, F. M. A biological function for cadmium in marine diatoms. PNAS, v. 97, no. 9, p. 4627-4631, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.090091397

LENNTECH. Heavy metals. 2012. Available from: <https://www.lenntech.com/processes/heavy/heavy-metals/heavy-metals.htm>. Accessed on: Mar. 17, 2018.

Mallampti, S. R.; Bhavesh, M.; Sunil, D.; Manish, J.; Leena, K. Venkatrama, K. S. S.; Shaik, B.; Prashant, B. Bio-accumulation of heavy metals in some commercial fishes and crabs Gulf of Cambey, India. Current Science Journal, v. 92, no. 11, p. 1489-1491, 2007.

Namaghi, H. H.; Karami, G. H.; Saadat, S. A. Study on chemical properties of groundwater and soil in ophiolitic rocks in Firuzabad, East of Shahrood, Iran: With emphasis to heavy metal contamination. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, v. 174, no. 1/4, p. 573-583, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1479-3

NORD - National Organization for Rare Disorders. Heavy metal poisoning. Available from: <http://www.rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/heavy-metal-poisoning/>. Accessed on: Feb. 4, 2018.

Nordberg, G.; Jin, T.; Benard, A.; Fierens, S.; Buchet, J. P.; Ye, T.; Kong, Q.; Wang, H. Low bone density and renal dysfunction following environmental cadmium exposure in China. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, v. 31, no. 6, p. 478-481, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-31.6.478

Nsikak, U. B.; Joseph, P. E.; Akpan, B. W.; David, E. B. Mercury accumulation in fishes from tropical aquatic ecosystems in the Niger Delta. Nigerian Current Science, v. 92, no. 6, p. 781-785, 2007.

Otitoju, O.; Otitoju, G. T. O. Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment and periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscastus) samples harvested from the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, v. 7, no. 5, p. 245-248, 2013.

Radojevic, M.; Bashkin, V. N. Practical environmental analysis. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2004.

Rude, R. K.; Coates, P. M.; Betz, J. M.; Blackman, M. R.; Cragg, G. M.; Levine, M.; Moss, J.; White, J. D. Magnesium. In: Coates, P. M.; Betz, J. M.; Blackman, M. R.; Cragg, G. M.; Levine, M.; Moss, J.; White, J. D. (Eds.). Encyclopedia of dietary supplements. Boca Raton: Informa Healthcare, 2010, p. 527-537.

Sala, O. E.; Chapin III, F. S.; Armesto, J. J.; Berlow, E.; Bloomfield, J.; Dirzo, R.; Huber-Sanwald, E.; Huenneke, L. F.; Jackson, R. B.; Kinzig, A.; Leemans, R.; Lodge, D. M.; Mooney, H. A.; Oesterheld, M.; Poff, N. L.; Sykes, M. T.; Walker, B. H.; Walker, M.; Wall, D. H. Global biodiversity scenarios for the Year 2100. Science, v. 287, no. 5459, p. 1770-1774, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5459.1770

Sankpal, S.; Naikwade, P. V. Physico-chemical analysis of effluent discharge of fish processing industries in Ratnagiri India. Bioscience Discovery, v. 3, no. 1, p. 107-111, 2012.

Sharma, B.; Tyagi, S. Simplification of metal ion analysis in water samples by atomic absorption spectroscopy for laboratory students. Journal of Laboratory Chemical Education, v. 1, no. 3, p. 54-58, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.jlce.20130103.04

WHO - World Health Organization. Guideline for drinking water quality. 4. ed. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2017. Available from: <https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/drinking-water-quality-guidelines-4-including-1st-addendum/en/>. Accessed on: Feb. 4, 2018.

Woo, P. T. K. Fish diseases and disorders. Wallingford: CAB International, 1995. (v. 1, Protozoan and metazoan infections).

Zheng, N.; Liu, J.; Wang, Q.; Liang, Z. Health Risk assessment of heavy metals exposure to street dust in the zinc smelting district, Northeast China. Science of the Total Environment, v. 408, no. 4, p. 726-733, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.075

Zheng, W.; Aschner, M.; Ghers-Egea, J. F. Brain barrier systems: A new frontier in metal neurological research. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v. 192, no. 1, p. 1-11, 2003.