Assessment of powders of Alstonia boonei (De wild) and Acalypha godseffienna (Muell Arg.) as protectants of rice grains against infestation by Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier, 1789) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Emmanuel Ayobami Oyeniyi

Abstract
In this study, the mothcidal efficacy of powders of Alstonia boonei (De Wild) stem bark and Acalypha godseffienna (Muell Arg.) leaf part was investigated at ambient temperature (28 + 3 ^oC) and relative humidity (75% + 6%). Adult Sitotroga cerealella were exposed to both botanical powders using contact toxicity test at 1-5 g/20 g of paddy rice and mortality was assessed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-treatment, respectively. The control experiment was also set-up for each botanical. Generally, both botanical powders significantly (P < 0.05) evoked higher moth mortality when compared to control. But, none of both plant powders elicit complete moth mortality (100%) at all the experimental dosage and exposure time. Lower dosage of A. boonei was however required to achieve 50% (24 h: 0.672; 72 h: 0.006) mortality in S. cerealella when compared to that of A. godseffienna (24 h: 1.546; 72 h: 0.238). Also, A. boonei at all experimental dosage significantly reduced (P < 0.05) emergence of S. cerealella when compared to control while A. godseffiana applied only at 2-5 g/20 g of paddy rice significantly reduced (P < 0.05) adult emergence when compared to control. The effect of A. boonei on the percentage inhibition rate of S. cerealella was significant (F_4,15 = 6.69; P = 0.003) while that of A. godseffiana was not significant (F_4,15 = 1.65; P = 0.213). It could therefore be concluded that powders of both botanicals could serve as a suitable wherewithal to most synthetic insecticides for the protection of rice grains from infestation by S. cerealella.

Keywords
Alstonia boonei; Acalypha godseffienna; Adult emergence; Sitotroga cerealella; Mothcidal.

DOI
10.21472/bjbs.051025

Full text
PDF

References
Abbott, W. S. A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, v. 18, p. 265-267, 1925.

Adotey, J. P. K.; Adukpo, G. E; Boahen, Y. O.; Armah, F. A. A review of the ethnobotany and pharmacological importance of Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocyanaceae). International Scholarly Research Network Pharmacology, v. 2012, Article ID 587160, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/587160

Akinkurolere, R. O. Assessment of the insecticidal properties of Anchomanes difformis (P. Beauv.) powder on five beetles of stored produce. Journal of Entomology, v. 4, p. 51-55, 2007.

Akinneye, J. O.; Ogungbite, O. C. Insecticidal activities of some medicinal plants against Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on stored maize. Archives of Phytopathology of Plant Protection, v. 46, no. 10, p. 1206-1213, 2013.

Akinneye, O. A.; Oyeniyi, E. A. Insecticidal efficacy of Cleistopholis patens (Benth) powder against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) infesting rice grains in Nigeria. Journal of Crop Protection, v. 5, no. 1, p. 1-10, 2016.

Ashamo, M. O.; Odeyemi, O. O.; Ogungbite, O. C. Protection of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.) with Newbouldia laevis (Seem.) extracts against infestation by Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius). Archives of Phytopathology of Plant Protection, v. 46, no. 11, p. 1295-1306, 2013.

Basu, S. K.; Thomas, J. E.; Acharya, S. N. Prospects for growth in global nutraceutical and functional food markets: A Canadian perspective. Australian Journal of Basic Applied Science, v. 1, no. 4, p. 637-649, 2007.

Fashola, T. R.; Egunyomi, A. Nigerian usage of bark in phytomedicine. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, v. 3, p. 73-77, 2005.

Finney, D. J. Probit analysis. Cambridge, London: Cambridge University Press, 1971.

Gbaye, O. A.; Oyeniyi, E. A.; Adekanmbi, F. The efficacy of three plant powders as an entomocide against Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) infesting rice grains in Nigeria. International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology, v. 1, no. 1, p. 30-35, 2015.

Gbaye, O. A.; Oyeniyi, E. A.; Ojo, O. B. Resistance of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) populations in Nigeria to Dichlorvos. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, v. 9, n. 1, p. 41-46, 2016.

Isman, M. B.; Grieneisen, M. L. Botanical insecticide research: many publications, limited useful data. Trends in Plant Science, v. 19, no. 3, p. 140-145, 2014.

Jenson, T. G.; Palsson, K.; Borg-Karlson, A. K. Evaluation of extracts and oils of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) repellent plants from Sweden and Guinea-Bissau. Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 43, p. 113-119, 2006.

Ogundaini, A. O. From Greens into Medicine: Taking a lead from nature. Oduduwa Hall, Obayemi Awolowo, University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria: OAU. Press, 2005. (Inaugural Lectures Series, 176).

Ogungbite, O. C.; Oyeniyi, E. A. Newbouldia laevis (Seem) as an entomocide against Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais infesting maize grain. Jordan Journal of Biological Science, v. 7, n. 1, p. 49-55, 2014.

Ogungbite, O. C.; Odeyemi, O. O.; Ashamo M. O. Powders of Newbouldia laevis as protectants of cowpea seeds against infestation by Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) for poor resource farmers. Octa Journal of Biosciences, v. 2, n. 1, p. 40-48, 2014.

Oyarinde, A. J. Bioactivity of two botanical extracts against Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) infesting wheat grains. Akure, Nigeria: Federal University of Technology Akure, 2016. (Thesis of Bachelor Degree).

Phillips, T. W.; Throne, J. E. Biorational approaches to managing stored-product insects. Annual Review of Entomology, v. 55, p. 375-397, 2010.

Tapondju, I. A.; Alder, A.; Fontem, H.; Fontem, D. A. Efficacy of powder and essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves as post-harvest grain protectants against six stored products beetles. Journal of Stored Products Research, v. 38, p. 395-402, 2002.

Togola, A.; Seck, P. A.; Glitho, I. A.; Diagne, A.; Adda, C.; Toure, A.; Nwilene, F. E. Economic losses from insect pest infestation on rice stored on-farm in Benin. Journal of Applied Science, v. 13, n. 2, p. 278-285, 2013.