Taxonomy and biodiversity of the genus Oscillatoria Vauch. ex Gom. (Cyanoprokaryota: Oscillatoriales) with ecological notes from Hooghly in West Bengal, India

Nilu Halder

Abstract
Research articles in the reference list regarding investigation or exploration of Oscillatoriales exhibited that taxonomic study of freshwater blue-green algae has been a subject of interest of research workers and professional scientists for more than one century in India. Oscillatoria Vauch. ex Gom. (Cyanoprokaryota: Oscillatoriales) is a dominant and ubiquitous blue-green alga in Hooghly District of West Bengal, India. Its thallus is consists of unsheathed trichome and contains more than 20 cells in a trichome. The recent study was dealt with the taxonomic enumeration of five species of the genus (O. princeps, O. curviceps, O. sancta, O. limosa, and O. jenensis) which were collected from different freshwater aquatic ecosystems of this district and they were described with ecological data, geographical distributions and colored microphotographs. Here, the relationships between the water chemistry and their occurrences had been also discussed. The analysis of important physico-chemical properties of water revealed that species of Oscillatoria prefer to grow in those water bodies prevailing alkaline pH, sufficient to meet the essential nutrients and contain hard and polluted water.

Keywords
Taxonomy; Oscillatoria; West Bengal; India.

DOI
10.21472/bjbs.040710

Full text
PDF

References
Abd El-Aty, A. M.; Mohamed, A. A.; Samhan, F. In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two fresh water cyanobacterial species, Oscillatoria agardhii and Anabaena sphaerica. J. App. Pharm. Sci., v. 4, p. 69-75, 2014.

Adhikary, S. P. Freshwater algae of Eastern and North-Eastern region of India. Seminar Cum. Workshop on Taxonomy of Freshwater Algae and Their Utilization. Orissa: Utkal Univ., Bhubaneswar, 2007. p. 1-22.

Alvarez-Cobelas, M.; Gallardo, T. Catálogo de las algas continentales españolas V. Cyanophyceae Schaffner, 1909. Acta Bot. Malacit., v. 13, p. 53-76, 1988.

Anand, N. Hand book of blue-green algae. India: Dehradun, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, 1989. p. 1-79.

APHA - American Public Health Association. Standard method for the examination of water and waste waters. 21 ed. Washington, DC: APHA, AWWA, WEF, 2005.

Banerji, J. Studies of Myxophyceae of lower Bengal, ??. A few Hormogonales. J. Depart. Sci. Calcutta Univ., v. 1, p. 95-109, 1938.

Bicudo, C. E. M.; Martau, L. Catálago das algas de águas continentais do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2. Iheringia, Sér. Bot., v. 19, p. 31-48, 1974.

Biswas, K. Flora of the Salt Lake, Calcutta. J. Depart. Sci. Calcutta Univ., v. 8, p. 1-47, 1926.

Biswas, K. Notes on the organisms in the filtered water of Calcutta. J. Proc. Asiatic Soc. Beng., v. 21, p. 533-539, 1932.

Bostock, P. D.; Holland, A. E. Census of the Queensland Flora. Brisbane: Queensland Herbarium Biodiversity and Ecosystem Sciences, Depart. Environm. Resource Mgmt., 2010.

Broady, P. A.; Merican, F. Phylum Cyanobacteria: blue-green bacteria, blue-green algae. In: Gordon, D. P. (ed.). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Vol. Three. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi. Christchurch: Canterbury Univ. Press, 2012. p. 50-69.

Caraus, I. Algae of Romania. A distributional checklist of actual algae. vers. 2. 3. rev. Bacau: Univ. of Bacau, 2012.

Chakraborty, T.; Mukhopadhyay, A.; Pal, R. Micro algal diversity of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Indian Hydrobiol., v. 12, p. 204-224, 2010.

Comas González, A. Algunas características de la Flora de algas y cianoprocariotas de agua dulce de Cuba. ALGAS. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Ficología, v. 39, p. 21 29, 2008.

Comas González, A.; Moreira González, A. Notas sobre algunas algas y cianoprocariotas dulceacuícolas de Cuba. ALGAS. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Ficología, v. 43, p. 6 10, 2010.

Day, S. A.; Wickham, R. P.; Entwisle, T. J.; Tyler, P. A. Bibliographic check-list of non-marine algae in Australia. Fl. Australia Suppl. Ser., v. 4, p. 1-276, 1995.

Deka, S. J.; Sarma, G. C. Taxonomical studies of Oscillatoriaceae (Cyanophyta) of Goalpara District, Assam, India. Indian J. Fundam. Appl. Life Sci., v. 1, p. 22-35, 2011.

Desikachary, T. V. Cyanophyta. New Delhi, India: ICAR, 1959.

Di Pippo, F.; Ellwood, N. T. W.; Guzzon, A.; Bohn, A.; Congestri, R. Diversity and biomass accumulation in cultured phototrophic biofilms. European J. Phycol., v. 49, p. 384-394, 2014.

Figueroa-Torres, M. G.; Arana-Magallón, F.; Almanza-Encarnación, S.; Ferrara-Guerrero, M. J., Ramos-Espinosa, M. G. Microalgas del Área Natural Protegida Ejidos de Xochimilco y San Gregorio Atlapulco, México. Ciencia UAT, v. 9, p. 15-29, 2015.

Geitler, L. Cyanophyceae in Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora. Leipzig, v. 14, p. 1-1196, 1932.

Gomont, M. Monographie des Oscillariées (Nostocacées homocystées). Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser., v. 15, p. 198-263, 1892.

Goyal, A.; Tyagi, S.; Tyagi, Y. Some Oscillatoria species from rice field soils of district Muzaffarnagar (U.P), India. Plant Arch., v. 8, p. 367-368, 2008.

Guiry, M. D.; Guiry, G. M. Algae Base. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway, 2016. Available from: <http://www.algaebase.org>. Accessed on: Nov. 23, 2016.

Gupta, R. K. Algal Flora of Dehradun District Uttaranchal. Kolkata, India: Botanical Survey of India, Salt Lake, 2005.

Gupta, R. K.; Kumar, M; Paliwal, G. S. Glimpses of Cyanobacteria. India: New Delhi, Daya Publishing House, 2006.

Gupta, P. Algae of India. A Checklist of Cyanoprokaryota (Cyanophyceae). Salt Lake, Kolkata: Botanical Survey of India, 2012. v. 1.

Halder, N. New report of Anabaena Bory from Hooghly District in West Bengal, India. Int. J. Innovative Res. Rev., v. 3, p. 94-98, 2015a.

Halder, N. Phytoconstituents composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of a blue green alga Anabaena variabilis Kütz. ex Born. et Flah. Tropical Plant Res., v. 2, p. 288-291, 2015b.

Halder, N. Taxonomical studies of three species of an epiphytic alga Coleochaete Bréb. with ecological notes in West Bengal, India. Our Nat., v. 13, p. 19-25, 2015c.

Halder, N. Morpho-taxonomy of Hydrodictyon reticulatum (L.) Lagerheim and Pediastrum tetras var. tetraodon (Corda) Hansgirg, Hooghly, West Bengal, India. Tropical Plant Res., v. 2, p. 168-171, 2015d.

Halder, N. Recollections and taxo-ecological studies of Coleochaete scutata Bréb., Coleochaete pseudosoluta Gauthier-Lièvre and Coleochaete conchata Möb., West Bengal, India. Nepalese J. Biosci., v. 5, p. 21-25, 2015e.

Halder, N. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Lyngbya major Menegh. ex Gomont. Appl. Sci. Rep., v. 13, p. 25-28, 2016a.

Halder, N. On the occurrence of Johannesbaptisia pellucida (Dickie) W. R. Taylor et Drouet from freshwater habitat in West Bengal, India. Curr. Life Sci., v. 2, p. 79-85, 2016b.

Halder, N. Taxonomy and periodicity of Chlorococcum Fries, Coelastrum Näg. and Scenedesmus Meyen in Hooghly, West Bengal, India. Mesop. Environ. J., v. 2, p. 47-56, 2016c.

Halder, N. Note on Ankistrodesmus Corda and Kirchneriella Schmidle in Hooghly, West Bengal, India. Mesop. Environ. J., v. 2, p. 40 46, 2016d.

Halder, N. Studies on the occurrence of three taxa of Zygnema C. Ag. from Hooghly, West Bengal, India. Malaya J. Biosci., v. 3, p. 8-14, 2016e.

Halder, N.; Sinha, S. N. Diversity of the genera Gloeotrichia Agardh and Rivularia (Roth.) Agardh from Hooghly district of West Bengal, India. Indian J. Fundam. Appl. Life Sci., v. 3, p. 29-35, 2013a.

Halder, N.; Sinha, S. N. Some new records of the species of the genera Aphanothece Näg and Merismopedia Meyen from Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. Indian J. Plant Sci., v. 2, p. 58-65, 2013b.

Halder, N.; Sinha, S. N. Phytoconstituent analysis and antibacterial activity of Nitella flagelliformis A. Braun collected from a pond of Khamargachi of Hooghly District, West Bengal, India. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Arch., v. 5, p. 66-69, 2014a.

Halder, N.; Sinha, S. N. New records of Euglena acus (O.F. Müll.) Ehr. and Phacus acuminatus (A. Stokes) Huber-Pestalozzi of Euglenineae from Hooghly district, West Bengal. J. Acad. Ind. Res., v. 3, p. 333-336, 2014b.

Harris, T. D.; Smith, V. H.; Graham, J. L.; Van de Waal, D. B.; Tedesco, L. P.; Clercin, N. Combined effects of nitrogen to phosphorus and nitrate to ammonia ratios on cyanobacterial metabolite concentrations in eutrophic Midwestern USA reservoirs. Inland Waters, v. 6, p. 199-210, 2016.

Issa, A.; Abd-Alla, M.; Ohyama, T. Nitrogen fixing Cyanobacteria: Future prospect. In: Ohyama, T. (ed.). Advances in Biology and Ecology of Nitrogen Fixation. Intechopen, 2014. p. 23-48.

Jain, D. S. A systematic account of Oscillatoria species from Sonvad dam and Devbhane dam of Dhule, Maharashtra. J. Exp. Biol. Agric. Sci., v. 3, p. 132-137, 2015.

Kachroo, F. Aquatic vegetation of Damodar Vally. J. Asiatic Soc., v. 1, p. 271-298, 1959.

Kamat, N. D. The Oscillatoriaceae of Ahmedabad, India. J. Univ. Bombay, v. 31, p. 20-27, 1963.

Kasthuri, C.; Doss, A.; Rukshana, M. S. Studies on biodiversity of cyanobacteria in polluted ponds of Pattukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India. J. Algal Biomass Utln., v. 7, p. 58-64, 2016.

Kesarwani, S.; Tandon, R; Tiwari, G. L. The genus Oscillatoria Vaucher (Cyanoprokaryota) from India. Phykos, v. 45, p. 18-29, 2015.

Komárek, J.; Anagnostidis, K. Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa 19/2, Cyanoprokaryota. In: Büdel, B.; Gärtner G.; Krientz, L.; Schagest, M. (ed.). 2. Teil/Part 2: Oscillatoriales. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2005. p. 1-759.

Konopka, A.; Brock, T. D. Effect of temperature on blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) in Lake Mendota. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., v. 36, p. 572-576, 1978.

Kullberg, R. G. The effect of some ecological factors on cell size of the hot spring alga Synechococcus lividus (Cyanophyta). J. Phycol., v. 13, p. 111-115, 1977.

Kumawat, D. A.; Jawale, A. K. The genus Oscillatoria Vaucher from fish ponds of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra (India). J. Ind. Bot. Soc., v. 85, p. 97-102, 2006.

Lashari, K. H.; Korai, A. L.; Sahato, G. A. Biodiversity of Oscillatoria (Nostophyceae, Cyanophyta) from lakes and ponds of Sindh. Res. J. Fish. Hydrobiol., v. 4, p. 73-85, 2009.

Mahajan, A. D.; Patel, R. J. Oscillatoria Vaucher (Cyanophyceae) from paddy fields of Kaira Districts, Gujarat, India. Indian Bot. Reptr., v. 8, p. 5-11, 1989.

Martens, G. V. A fifth list of Bengal algae (determined by Martens, G. V. Communicated by Kürz., S.). Proc. Asiatic Soc. Beng., v. 40, p. 170-173, 1871.

McGregor, G. B. Freshwater Cyanoprokaryota of North-Eastern Australia I: Oscillatoriales. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, 2007.

Mur, L. R.; Skulberg, O. M.; Utkilen, H. Cyanobacteria in the environment. In: Chorus, I.; Bartram, J. (ed.). Toxic Cyanobacteria in water: a guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management. London: E & FN Spon., 1999. p. 15-40.

Naskar, N.; Naskar, K. R.; Sen, C. R. Backish water Oscillatoriaceae from North 24-Parganas, West Bengal, India. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon., v. 15, p. 31-38, 2008.

Nassar, M. Z. A.; Khairy, H. M. Checklist of phytoplankton species in the Egyptian waters of the Red Sea and some surrounding habitats (1990-2010). Annual Res. Rev. Biol., v. 4, p. 3566-3585, 2014.

Nayak, S.; Prasanna, R. Soil pH and its role in cyanobacterial abundance and diversity in rice field soils. Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res., v. 5, p. 103-113, 2007.

Pal, U. C.; Santra, S. C. Algal flora of Midnapore, West Bengal (India). I. Cyanophyceae. Phykos, v. 24, p. 12-17, 1985.

Pal, U. C.; Santra, S. C. Some new additions of algal flora of West Bengal (India). I. Cyanophyceae. J. Indian Bot. Soc., v. 66, p. 365-369, 1987.

Patrick, R. Algae as indicator of pollution. In biological problems in water pollution. 3rd. Seminar Bot. A. Tuft. Sanitory Eng. Centre Cincinati Ohio, p. 223-232, 1965.

Pham, M. N.; Tan, H. T. W.; Mitrovic, S.; Yeo, H. H. T. A Checklist of the Algae of Singapore. Singpore: Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Res., National University of Singapore, 2011.

Prabakaran, M. In vitro antimicrobial potentials of marine Oscillatoria species. Asian J. Plant Sci. Res., v. 1, p. 58-64, 2011.

Prain, D. The vegetation of the district Hooghly, Howrah and 24-Parganas. Rec. Bot. Surv. India, v. 3, p. 143-339, 1905.

Prasad, B. N; Srivastava, M. N. Fresh Water Algal Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands Vol. I. India: Dehra Dun, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, 1992.

Prescott, G. W. Algae of the Western Great Lakes Area. 2 ed. Dubuque, Iowa: W.M.C. Brown Co., 1962.

Rai, S. K.; Rai, R. K.; Jha, S. Cyanobacteria of Nepal: a checklist with distribution. Our Nat., v. 8, p. 336-354, 2010.

Robarts, R. S.; Zohary, T. Temperature effects on photosynthetic capacity, respiration and growth rates of bloom-forming cyanobacteria. New Zealand J. Mar. Freshwater Res., v. 21, p. 391-399, 1987.

Rodriguez, P. L.; Pizarro, H.; Maidana, N.; Dos Santos, A.; Bonaventura, S. M. Epixylic algae from a polluted low land river of Buenos Aires Province (Argentina). Cryptogam. Algol., v. 27, p. 63-83, 2006.

Roger, P. A.; Reddy, P. M. Characterization and classifications of blue-green algae/Cyanobacteria. 2nd Semester on Biology of Blue-Green Algae and Their Symbiotic Forms. Pierre-Armand-Roger. fr., UPLB, Philippines, 1984. p. 1-15.

Santra, S. C.; Pal, U. C.; Maity, H.; Bandyopadhyay, G. Blue green algae in saline habitats of West Bengal, a systematic account. Biol. Mem., v. 14, p. 81-108, 1988.

Saravanan, M.; Elango, K.; Chandrashekaran, S.; Anand, N.; Nagaraja, V. A new type II restriction endonuclease, OfoI from nonheterocystous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria foreaui. Curr. Sci., v. 85, p. 188-191, 2003.

Seal, T.; Halder, N.; Chaudhuri, K.; Sinha, S. N. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of algae and effect of solvent extraction system. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., v. 6, p. 1273-1278, 2015.

Sen Sarkar, N.; Bandyopadhyaya, T.; Dutta, S.; Das, S. Algae in the Assessment of Industrial Effluents: Case Study in Southern Bengal, India. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol., v. 32, p. 101-114, 2013.

Sen, C. R.; Gupta, D. The genus Oscillatoria Vaucher from greater Calcutta. Bull. Bot. Soc. Beng., v. 41, p. 41-45, 1987.

Sen, C. R.; Gupta, D. The genus Oscillatoria Vaucher from lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal. Phykos, v. 37, p. 89-93, 1998.

Sen, N.; Naskar, K. Algal Flora of Sundarban Mangals. New Delhi, India: Daya Publishing House, 2003.

Sikdar, J.; Keshri, J. P. The genus Oscillatoria Vaucher (Oscillatoriales: Cyanoprokaryota) in West Bengal, India. Int. J. Cur. Res. Rev., v. 6, p. 47-59, 2015.

Silva, P. C.; Basson, P. W.; Moe, R. L. Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. Univ. California Publ. Bot., v. 79, p. 1-1259, 1996.

Sinha, S. N.; Halder, N. New report of Dichotomosiphon tuberosus (A.Br.) Ernst and Vaucheria sessilis D.C. of the Family Vaucheriaceae from Hooghly District, West Bengal, India. Ecoprint, v. 21, p. 49-53, 2014.

Sinha, J. P.; Mukherjee, D. On blue-green algae from the paddy fields of Bankura District of West Bengal-I. Phykos, v. 14, p. 117-118, 1975.

Sinha, S. N.; Paul, D.; Halder, N.; Sengupta, D.; Patra, S. K. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fresh water green alga Pithophora oedogonia (Mont.) Wittsock and evaluation of their antibacterial activity. Appl. Nanosci., v. 5, No. 6, p. 703-709, 2015. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13204-014-0366-6

Smith, T. E. Revised list of algae from Arkansas, U.S.A. and new additions. Int. J. Alg., v. 12, p. 230-256, 2010.

Smith, V. H. Low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios favors dominance by blue-green algae in lake phytoplankton. Science, v. 221, No. 4611, p. 669-671, 1983. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4611.669

Täuscher, L. Untersuchungen der Mikroalgen in Moorgewässern des Naturparks 'Uckermärkische See' im Land Brandenburg. Essen: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Limnologie (DGL). Erweiterte Zusammenfassungen der Jahrestagung, 2015. <http://www.dgl-ev.de/cms/upload/dokumente/Erweiterte_Zusammenfassungen_Essen_2015.pdf>. Accessed on: Nov. 23, 2016.

Tell, G. Catálogo de las algas de agua dulce de la República Argentina. Biblioth. Phycol. J. Cramer in der A. R. Gantner Verlag Kommanditgesellschaft, v 70, p. 1-283, 1985.

Tiwari, G. L. A study of blue-green algae from paddy field soils of India. Taxonomic consideration of non-heterocystous blue-green algae. Nova Hedw., v. 26, p. 765-798, 1975.

Tiwari, G. L.; Kant, R.; Tiwari, O. N.; Tandon, R.; Kushwaha, L. L. Distribution, diversity and characterization of cyanobacteria of rice fields. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India, v. 77, p. 387-402, 2007.

Verma, J.; Mohanty, R. C. Phytoplankton and its correlation with certain physiochemical parameters of Danmukundpur pond. Poll. Res., v. 14, p. 233-242, 1995.

Whittaker, R. H. New concepts of kingdoms of organisms. Science, v. 163, No. 3863, p. 150-160, 1969. https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.163.3863.150

Whitton, B. A.; John, D. M.; Kelly, M. G.; Haworth, E. Y. A Coded List of Freshwater Algae of the British Isles. 2 ed. World-wide Web electronic publ., 2003. Available from: <http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/uk-species/checklists/NHMSYS0000591449/index.html>. Accessed on: Nov. 23, 2016.