Impact of various factors on in vitro investigation of rare mangrove species Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. (Myrtales: Lythraceae) and Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae)

Abdul Kader, Sankar Narayan Sinha and Parthadeb Ghosh

Abstract
Recent studies have showed the importance and destruction of mangroves. So their restoration through tissue culture study is urgently required because in vivo propagation is plagued with unforeseen obstacles. In vitro investigation of mangroves found to be suitable material for salt tolerant mechanism studies and anti stress gene isolation. This study describes for the first time in vitro approach for rare species Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. (Myrtales: Lythraceae) and herb species Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae) through callus. For this investigation, as a source of explants various part (leaf, intermodal and nodal segments) of both mangroves were used. These explants were cultured in various types of media (MS, LS, WPM, X and B5) with different combination of phytohormones (2, 4-D and NAA with BAP in combination). We also examined the effect of NaCl and seasons on callus initiation and growth. The highest rate of callus formation was obtained with nodal explants in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg.L^-1 NAA and 0.5 mg.L^-1 BAP in combination and 1 mg.L^-1 NAA and 0.5 mg.L^-1 BAP in combination for Sonneratia apetala and Suaeda maritima, respectively. We also found that callus initiation rate and growth decreased with increasing NaCl concentration higher than 80 mM and 120 mM for Sonneratia apetala and Suaeda maritima, respectively in MS media. This study also found that monsoon season was best time for invitro investigation of mangroves. The results presented here give an insight into the development of in vitro investigation suitable for mangroves. The initiated callus could be restored in low salaine or devoid of salaine land.

Keywords
Culture media screening; Callus culture; Mangrove; Salt tolerance; Sonneretia apetala; Suaeda maritima.

DOI
10.21472/bjbs.030516

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